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From Atlantis to UFO culture...and beyond

Atlantis: Plato: Critias [360 B.C]

This is the fragmentary dialog of Plato which contains the only known ancient account of Atlantis.

If you have only read out-of-context excerpts, you should read this short document in its entirety and make up your own mind whether Plato meant the tale literally or as part of an allegory about an ideal society (as Critias implies early on in the dialog, refer to: "All that is said by any of us can only be imitation and representation."). - source

Let me begin by observing first of all, that nine thousand was the sum of years which had elapsed since the war which was said to have taken place between those who dwelt outside the Pillars of Heracles and all who dwelt within them; this war I am going to describe. Of the combatants on the one side, the city of Athens was reported to have been the leader and to have fought out the war; the combatants on the other side were commanded by the kings of Atlantis, which, as was saying, was an island greater in extent than Libya and Asia, and when afterwards sunk by an earthquake, became an impassable barrier of mud to voyagers sailing from hence to any part of the ocean. The progress of the history will unfold the various nations of barbarians and families of Hellenes which then existed, as they successively appear on the scene; but I must describe first of all Athenians of that day, and their enemies who fought with them, and then the respective powers and governments of the two kingdoms. Let us give the precedence to Athens.

On September 12th, 1560, Robert Dudley and Queen Elizabeth were privately married at Brooke House, Hackney which belonged to the Earl of Pembroke. Sir Nicholas and Ann Bacon were witnesses. Dudley was later given the title, Earl of Leicester. The following October, the Spanish ambassador was arrested and accused of writing to King Philip of Spain that the Queen had been privately married.

On January 22, 1561, a boy was born at Wolsey New Palace, Whitehall, also known as York Place. Francis Bacon was adopted by Lady Ann Bacon, wife of Sir Nicholas, Lord Chancellor, who was keeper of the Great Seal. The baby birth is registered at St. Martins in the Fields, as Mr. Franciscus Bacon, as though his foster parents, or someone acting for them, wished to mark their respect to a baby with royal blood.

Francis Bacon's visionary essay The New Atlantis (published 1627) contained the democratic seeds of a better way of life and a philosophy based on man being in harmony with nature. The American Founding Fathers 150 years after the essay was written were influenced to set those guidelines into action. - sirbacon.org

The inscription full of promise on the border of the vignette of the the title-page of of The New Atlantis was suggestive : Tempora patet occulta Veritas (with time, the hidden truth will appear). Hidden Truth brought forth by Time

The learned men of "Nova Atlantis" make use of the telephone (means to convey sound in trunks and pipes in strange lines and distances) and of the phonograph (sound houses, where we practise and demonstrate all sounds and their generation; also diverse strange and artificial echoes, yea some rendering of the voice), of machines of locomotion, of aeroplanes and submarines, of zoological gardens and anatomical museums, of telescopes and microscopes--very primitive in those times--of condensed water, of motive force produced by means of water, of apparatus for intensifying the force of wind, etc. Bacon made himself known, by this description, as an extraordinary physicist.

This "House of the Learned" represents also a society of the Rose-Croix. The chief of the savants has upon his turban a small red cross; the learned men wear a red mantle. The likeness between them and the Rosicrucians was so well understood that those who were strangers to the Order, like John Heydon, (born in 1629) a great apologist of the latter, although not belonging to it, who wrote a work entitled : A Voyage to the Land of the Rosicrucians which is but a literal transcription of the Nova Atlantis, in which he limited himself to replacing the word Savants with that of Rosicrucians.

Vril, The Power of the Coming Race

by Sir Edward Bulwer-Lytton

Legendary for his turgid prose ("it was a dark and stormy night...") Bulwer-Lytton's pioneering science fiction novel "Vril" was taken very seriously by 19th Century Atlantis fans (for instance, Scott-Elliot). Vril is a mysterious energy which is used by Lytton's subterranian race (refugees from the Deluge) to power their advanced civilization; it was later treated as a reality by occultists. The plot of this book was recycled for numerous 'B' pulp scifi movies and assorted crank theories. -

read the book one of many which inspired Hitler

excerpt from Chapter VII: "...But what part of the world do you come from," asked my host, "that we should appear so strange to you, and you to us? I have seen individual specimens of nearly all the races differing from our own, except the primeval savages who dwell in the most desolate and remote recesses of uncultivated nature, unacquainted with other light than that they obtain from volcanic fires, and contented to grope their way in the dark, as do many creeping, crawling, and even flying things. But certainly you cannot be a member of those barbarous tribes, nor, on the other hand, do you seem to belong to any civilised people."

I was somewhat nettled at this last observation, and replied that I had the honour to belong to one of the most civilised nations of the earth; and that, so far as light was concerned, while I admired the ingenuity and disregard of expense with which my host and his fellow-citizens had contrived to illumine the regions unpenetrated by the rays of the sun, yet I could not conceive how any who had once beheld the orbs of heaven could compare to their lustre the artificial lights invented by the necessities of man. But my host said he had seen specimens of most of the races differing from his own, save the wretched barbarians he had mentioned. Now, was it possible that he had never been on the surface of the earth, or could he only be referring to communities buried within its entrails?"

Project Superman - Aryan God Complex

The concept of vril appeared. In 1871, British novelist Edward Bulwer-Lytton, in The Coming Race, described a superior race, the Vril-ya, who lived beneath the earth and planned to conquer the world with vril, a psychokinetic energy.

The French author Louis Jacolliot furthered the myth in Les Fils de Dieu (The Sons of God) (1873) and Les Traditions indo-europeanes (The Indo-European Traditions) (1876). In these books, he linked vril with the subterranean people of Thule. The Thuleans will harness the power of vril to become supermen and rule the world. - The Nazi Connection with Shambhala and Tibet

Note: HG Wells wrote of Underground Peoples in His seminal "The Time machine"

synopsis

A dreamer obsessed with traveling through time builds himself a time machine and, much to his surprise, travels over 800,000 years into the future. The world has been transformed with a society living in apparent harmony and bliss, but as the Traveler stays in this world of the future he discovers a hidden barbaric and depraved subterranean class. Wells's translucent commentary on the capitalist society was an instant bestseller and launched the time-travel genre. - bartleby.com

Morlocks - underground race - Eloi - herded and eaten

excerpt; - CHAPTER 7 THE TIME MACHINE

"... I now understood to some slight degree at least the reason of the fear of the little Upper-world people for the dark. I wondered vaguely what foul villainy it might be that the Morlocks did under the new moon. I felt pretty sure now that my second hypothesis was all wrong. The Upper-world people might once have been the favoured aristocracy, and the Morlocks their mechanical servants: but that had long since passed away.

The two species that had resulted from the evolution of man were sliding down towards, or had already arrived at, an altogether new relationship. The Eloi, like the Carolingian kings, had decayed to a mere beautiful futility. They still possessed the earth on sufferance: since the Morlocks, subterranean for innumerable generations, had come at last to find the daylit surface intolerable. And the Morlocks made their garments, I inferred, and maintained them in their habitual needs, perhaps through the survival of an old habit of service. They did it as a standing horse paws with his foot, or as a man enjoys killing animals in sport: because ancient and departed necessities had impressed it on the organism. But, clearly, the old order was already in part reversed.

The Nemesis of the delicate ones was creeping on apace. Ages ago, thousands of generations ago, man had thrust his brother man out of the ease and the sunshine. And now that brother was coming back changed! Already the Eloi had begun to learn one old lesson anew. They were becoming reacquainted with Fear. And suddenly there came into my head the memory of the meat I had seen in the Under-world. It seemed odd how it floated into my mind: not stirred up as it were by the current of my meditations, but coming in almost like a question from outside. I tried to recall the form of it. I had a vague sense of something familiar, but I could not tell what it was at the time.

'Still, however helpless the little people in the presence of their mysterious Fear, I was differently constituted. I came out of this age of ours, this ripe prime of the human race, when Fear does not paralyse and mystery has lost its terrors. I at least would defend myself. Without further delay I determined to make myself arms and a fastness where I might sleep. With that refuge as a base, I could face this strange world with some of that confidence I had lost in realizing to what creatures night by night I lay exposed. I felt I could never sleep again until my bed was secure from them.

I shuddered with horror to think how they must already have examined me. "

"The First World War must be brought about in order to permit the Illuminati to overthrow the power of the Czars in Russia and of making that country a fortress of atheistic Communism.

The divergences caused by the "agentur" (agents) of the Illuminati between the British and Germanic Empires will be used to foment this war. At the end of the war, Communism will be built and used in order to destroy the other governments and in order to weaken the religions."

Freemason Albert Pike in a letter that he wrote to Mazzini, dated August 15, 1871

HG Wells wrote War of the Worlds in 1898

an excerpt from another of his works - The Shape of things to come:

Even the Modern State Fellowship itself, so far as many of its nuclei were concerned, was at first of this nature, a coalescence of all these varied technicians who realized that employment would vanish, that everything they valued in life would vanish, with the spread of social disorder. They constituted protective and aggressive gangs with an unexampled power of world-wide cooperation. Their confluence became the new world. - Chapter 16

1914 - World war I

Hitlers Racial hygiene - based on Vril / Eugenics...

This was the age of European expansion, and numerous theories provided ideological justification for imperialism and colonialism. In Germany the idea of an Aryan or "master" race found resonance with rabid nationalism, the idea of the German superman distilled from the philosophy of friedrich Nietzsche, and Wagner's operatic celebrations of Nordic sagas and Teutonic mythology.

Long before the 1939 mission to Tibet, the Nazis had borrowed Asian symbols and language and used them for their own ends. A number of prominent articles of Nazi rhetoric and symbolism originated in the language and religions of Asia.

The term "Aryan", for example, comes from the Sanskrit word arya, meaning noble. In the Vedas, the most ancient Hindu scriptures, the term describes a race of light-skinned people from Central Asia who conquered and subjugated the darker-skinned (or Dravidian) peoples of the Indian subcontinent.

Linguistic evidence does support the multidirectional migration of a central Asian people, now referred to as Indo-Europeans, into much of India and Europe at some point between 2000 and 1500 B.C.E., although it is unclear whether these Indo-Europeans were identical with the Aryans of the Vedas.

So much for responsible scholarship. In the hands of late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century European jingoists and occultists such as Joseph Arthur de Gobineau, these ideas about Indo-Europeans and light-skinned Aryans were transformed into a twisted myth of Nordic and later exclusively German racial superiority.

The German identification with the Indo-Europeans and Aryans of the second millennium B.C.E. gave historical precedence to Germany's imperial "place in the sun" and the idea that ethnic Germans were racially entitled to conquest and mastery. It also aided in fomenting anti-Semitism and xenophobia, as Jews, Gypsies, and other minorities did not share in the Aryan German's perceived heritage as members of a dominant race.

Ideas about an Aryan or master race began to appear in the popular media in the late nineteenth century. In the 1890s, E. B. Lytton, a Rosicrucian, wrote a best-selling novel around the idea of a cosmic energy (particularly strong in the female sex), which he called "Vril." Later he wrote of a Vril society, consisting of a race of super-beings that would emerge from their underground hiding-places to rule the world. His fantasies coincided with a great interest in the occult, particularly among the upper classes, with numerous secret societies founded to propagate these ideas. They ranged from those devoted to the Holy Grail to those who followed the sex and drugs mysticism of Alastair Crowley, and many seem to have had a vague affinity for Buddhist and Hindu beliefs.

General Haushofer, a follower of Gurdjieff and later one of Hitler's main patrons, founded one such society. Its aim was to explore the origins of the Aryan race, and Haushofer named it the Vril Society, after Lytton's fictional creation. Its members practiced meditation to awaken the powers of Vril, the feminine cosmic energy.

The Vril Society claimed to have links to Tibetan masters, apparently drawing on the ideas of Madame Blavatsky, the Theosophist who claimed to be in telepathic contact with spiritual masters in Tibet. In Germany, this blend of ancient myths and nineteenth-century scientific theories began to evolve into a belief that the Germans were the purest manifestation of the inherently superior Aryan race, whose destiny was to rule the world. These ideas were given scientific weight by ill-founded theories of eugenics and racist ethnography.

Around 1919, the Vril Society gave way to the Thule Society (Thule Gesellschaft), which was founded in Munich by Baron Rudolf von Sebottendorf, a follower of Blavatsky. The Thule Society drew on the traditions of various orders such as the Jesuits, the Knights Templar, the Order of the Golden Dawn, and the Sufis. It promoted the myth of Thule, a legendary island in the frozen northlands that had been the home of a master race, the original Aryans. As in the legend of Atlantis (with which it is sometimes identified), the inhabitants of Thule were forced to flee from some catastrophe that destroyed their world. But the survivors had retained their magical powers and were hidden from the world, perhaps in secret tunnels in Tibet, where they might be contacted and subsequently bestow their powers on their Aryan descendants.
Source

Dulles-Bush Dynasty helped fund the NAZI Military Industrial complex

Uncovered government documents in The National Archives and Library of Congress reveal that Prescott Bush, the grandfather of President George W. Bush, served as a business partner of and U.S. banking operative for the financial architect of the Nazi war machine from 1926 until 1942, when Congress took aggressive action against Bush and his "enemy national" partners. Prescott Bush also led a group called the American Liberty League in a treasonous conspiracy with JP Morgan and the DuPont family. He tried to overthrow the U.S. government. Also involved in the Funding of the NAZI war machine were Eugenics champions Ford...and Brown Brothers Harrimen. The Dulles Bros. were international finance specialists for the powerful Wall Street law firm of Sullivan & Cromwell... Alan Dulles went on to become head of the CIA... and John Foster Dulles went on to become secretary of state!

more

Military Industrial
God complex

Prescott, George Snr ...GW Jr
...oh and Hitler...

THE NAZI-UFO CONNECTION

{note: click on picture for metacrawler search for "nazi ufo"}

...UFO's emblemed with Nazi swastica's
..."aliens" wearing Nazi uniforms
..."abductions" involving Nazi mind control scenarios
...Just what is going on???

It all began with what was probably one of the most devastating immigrations to America. A German by the name of Johannes Rockefeller arrived in America early in her history and gave rise to a family line that would later finance the Nazi revolution in Germany, even to the degree of merging their Standard Oil Company with the Nazi owned and operated I. G. Farben chemical company, which provided Zyklon-B cyanide gas for the German death camps during world war II. Following the war, there is more than enough evidence to conclude that these American corporate fascists secreted literally thousands of hard-core Nazi's into the USA, shuffling them into the various levels of the military-industrial-intelligence fraternity which the Rockefellers essentially owned and operated, while at the same time sponsoring U.S. "presidents" who would faithfully remove power from Congress [via vetos, executive orders, the appointing rather than electing of executive branch personnel, and the creation of several secret agencies which operated under security classifications that even the most powerful Congressional overseers were forbidden from acquiring].

In recent years men like Vladimir Terziski have exposed a literal "vast right wing conspiracy" involving fascist military industrial fraternities in Germany, the United States of America, AND in Antarctica of all places... from where hard core fascists who still believe that Adolph Hitler was a god continue to advance the dark technology which began in the underground bases and concentration camps of World War II Germany. S.S. "pure bred" scientists within the alleged Nazi base in Antarctica, code named the "New Berlin" according to Terziski, have been carrying out -- in addition to MIND CONTROL and BIOGENETIC experimentation -- continuous research and development in the field of ANTIGRAVITY propulsion, at least to a ten-fold degree over and beyond the research efforts that were carried out by the Nazi scientists during World War II.

Millions are familiar with the so-called "Roswell Incident", however few realize the potential Nazi connection to this unusual and enigmatic incident in America's history.

Our moon program was basically founded on the research of ONE Nazi "rocket" scientist by the name of Werner Von Braun, however many do not realize that not only rocket propulsion but also antigravity propulsion was an integral part of the Nazi space projects. Could the Nazi's have reached the moon prior to the USA? There are even reports of Nazi 'space' bases on the moon... and also of massive Nazi bases under the mountains of Neu Schwabenland, Antarctica...

And these reports just keep coming...

Even stranger still, it is a known fact that Adolph Hitler read a book by Rosecrucian Grandmaster E. Bulwer Lytton, titled The Coming Race, about a subterraneous race which possessed supernatural technology and who, according to the novel, were intent on one day claiming the surface world for their own. Probably due to his fascination for occult legendry and of mystic tales -- such as the Bhuddist's traditions of a vast underground world called Agharti and the Hindu legends of a reptilian cavern world called Patalas, etc. -- Adolph became obsessed with the novel and was apparently fanatical over the prospect of an imminent underground invasion of the surface world in the future, and wanted to make alliances with these underground races so that once they emerged he could rule the earth in joint capacity. Some have posed an unusual theory that these underground beings consist of three main types: human like sorcerers, reptilian humanoids who are apparently a branch off from the ancient raptor-type bi-pedal saurian species who by-passed extinction by escaping into an underground cavern realm [literal dungeons & dragons stuff...], and also short greyish cybernetic drones...

Above and beyond all of this, there are reports of a 'possible' Nazi-alien connection/collaboration operating in a massive underground base near or under the Denver International Airport of Colorado.

Also, a MAJOR CONTROL CENTER for Nazi-Reptilian collaboration is reported to exist beneath the Gizeh plateau of Egypt, in some strange type of scenario that might seem to be a cross between STARGATE and RAIDERS OF THE LOST ARK.

Also in addition to reports that an inner core of occultic Nazi's had established a collaboration with the 'Dracos', there are also claims that this led to the genetic engineering of 'Nazi' personnel who appeared somewhat similar to blond 'Aryans' yet who had/have distinct draconian characteristics as well, for instance four fingers, telepathic abilities, and other possible indicators of possible inter-species genetic 'hybridization'...

Also, if this were not enough, there are still other claims that World War II itself was essentially the outward manifestation of Galactic War III, which was waged between the Sirians [via their British-Masonic representatives on earth] and the Orionites [via their German-Jesuit representatives on earth]. In short, things "may" not always be what they seem...

Apparently, at least in some cases [according to certain sources], these 'Nazi' collaborators in Antarctica and elsewhere were themselves taken over by reptilian poltergeists, sort of like the reptilian 'parasite' depicted in the movie STARGATE, which took over the body of an Egyptian boy. Some suggest that these "reptilians", who exist on 3rd, 4th and 5th density/dimensional levels, largely reside underground. Could Hitler's numerous Nazi "expeditions" throughout all parts of the globe in search for caverns/mines/tunnels leading to an underground world have actually succeeded in bringing Nazi agents into contact with an insidious reptilian race which inhabits the bowels of the earth, one which began to "assimilate" their new-found human hosts for what ever draconian purpose they might have been engaged in? Or are the "reptilians" seen during many UFO encounters merely the product of Nazi biogenetic experimentation, possibly involving the genetic splicing of human and reptilian DNA in order to produce a 'race' that could survive and adapt to the evident dangers and harsh conditions of interplanetary exploration and colonization!?

A friend of mine from Canada [who I haven't heard from in months] speaks of an underground facility somewhere in Nevada [near Paradox, according to Val Valerian, or so the woman who was taken there told him. I could not find a Paradox Nevada... I found a Paradise Nevada and a Paradox Colorado, so perhaps there is some confusion here], a facility which serves as a terminal between the surface and 'alien' caverns deep below. This base is allegedly jointly occupied by poltergeist-like semi-transparent beings, Dracos, Sirians and several German Nazis. The 'Nazis', he was told, use human children abducted from the surface to indulge their twisted sexual perversions, the Sirians [who are apparently descended from 'ancient astronauts' from earth who colonized nearby star systems] use the children for genetic research, and the dracos for 'sustenance'. It is a literal 'hell' beneath the earth, at least for these doomed children... IF we can believe such nightmarish tales.

There are others who speak of Nazis [Antarcticans] that have infiltrated en-mass the cavern systems and ancient tunnel-networks left by the Murians and Atlanteans which exist below the western U.S. John Grace [aka Val Valarian] made some interesting comments. When he was going through some old newspapers in New Mexico, circa late 1930's and early 1940's, he came across several stories of German 'tourists' who were "all over New Mexico" exploring caves and mines, buying up property, and engaging in other kinds of weird activity... suggesting that the Germans [Nazis] may be involved with the Dulce, New Mexico scenario. One heart-retching story that seems to suggest this scenario describes one underground hell-hole that is jointly occupied by dracos and the so-called 'master race' Aryan-like people, who are apparently products of Adolph Hitler's master race genetics programs. I believe that Nightmare Hall under the Dulce New Mexico base is being referred to in the following account, and if not, then no doubt a facility that is intricately connected with the same. Check out the second story, 'Remembrances'.

It is interesting that the name of the underground base below Dulce, New Mexico is "ULTRA", which is said to be the VERY SAME name used by a super-secret NSA agency that reportedly deals with "aliens", AND ALSO the name of the secret Nazi S.S. scientific force which reportedly constructed the massive underground bases below Antarctica previous to, during, and following the second world war.

There is another source that mentions these cavern- dwelling fascists who have infiltrated the multi-trillion dollar black budget "underground empire" [i.e. a network of underground biogenetic labs, antigravity craft hangers, and mind control research facilities, and so on] beneath the U.S., which is maintained by the fascist cabal which controls much of the military-industrial fraternity, and who are increasingly being contested by left-wing political forces who are establishing their own underground operations in the USA and abroad.

The writer of the above article believes that a Sino-Russian [leftist] alliance will simultaneously attack America AND simultaneously attack the underground fascist-alien lairs underneath the continental U.S., and target the caverns that are occupied by the neo-Nazi "Black Ops" forces which infest the U.S. Military-Industrial complex. If such a conflict does occur, you might want to hide away in a safe place until the "storm" passes so as not to get caught in the crossfire, and I wouldn't try to stop it, because it's probably Divine Will that such a "purging" takes place, considering that Americans themselves have as a whole essentially failed to engage and defeat the "enemy within" themselves.

True, there have been pockets of "resistance" here and there, such as in the Dulce Wars, however these have not been very effective, in that only those with the highest security classifications were able to take part in such actions, and honestly, if the "government" is not going to let the people as a whole know what's going right under their feet so that they can SUPPORT such military efforts, then what little efforts ARE made will be relatively futile. This is not the fault of any one person, but rather the fault of the secrecy basis of the entire intelligence "machine". The "government" in SOME cases may have had honest motives in maintaining the coverup in order to prevent "panic", however in order to maintain the coverup they have had to justify "deadly force", and the system of secrecy that they implemented eventually took on a life of its own... a system that is in fact subject to manipulation by the "regressive" forces operating from within the underground levels. So the very coverup that was originally meant to protect us has become the very weapon that the "Nazi's/aliens" [or what ever] are using to enslave us. As the ancient Chinese saying goes... "Beware when fighting a dragon that you do not become one."

So essentially things have gone "way out of control" [a phrase that you will here often among those who have "inside connections"]. Fact is, the "government" can not and will not save us... since it has -- especially within the executive-military-industrial levels -- been infiltrated to the core. The only thing that can defeat the forces of alien collectivism is INDIVIDUALS like you and me, and that only by the grace of God Almighty.

Incidentally, some abductees, from what I have heard, have been taken to underground bases where they have seen swasticas on the walls, or have seen UFO craft with the same symbol. There are many sources which tend to confirm the Nazi-UFO connection.

It seems however to be that a worst-case scenario might be to encounter a draco-aryan [nazi] hybrid or a nazi 'possessed' by a fifth density draco -- apparently a reptilian host that has been targeted by a poltergeist, and assimilated in parahost capacity until the physical reptilian "host" is literally shape-shifted and pulled out of the third dimension by the incarnating other dimensional being, at which point the symbiotic repti-poltergeist might then try to find a human host [as in the movie STARGATE] and thus generate a tri-symbiotic entity. That is, the worst that the angelic, human and reptilian 'races' have to offer, all integrated into one twisted entity. Let us hope that we never have the misfortune of encountering such an unholy creature, unless it is at the hollow end of our shot gun!

Was such a creature similar to the one that Barney Hill encountered with his wife Betty, an integral part of the mother of all abduction cases which took place in 1961? In the book MYSTERIES OF THE MIND, SPACE & TIME, page 1379, Barney Hill is quoted as making the following statement under regressive hypnosis:

"...another figure has an EVIL face... he looks like a German NAZI... His eyes! His eyes. I've never seen eyes like that before."

-source

Orson Wells produced
the staged Radio play in 1937

"The Second World War must be fomented by taking advantage of the differences between the Fascists and the political Zionists.

This war must be brought about so that Nazism is destroyed and that the political Zionism be strong enough to institute a sovereign state of Israel in Palestine.

During the Second World War, International Communism must become strong enough in order to balance Christendom, which would be then restrained and held in check until the time when we would need it for the final social cataclysm."

Freemason Albert Pike in a letter that he wrote to Mazzini, dated August 15, 1871

Quoted from the Mazzini letter, supposedly written by Pike in 1871... The only trouble with that is that the Fascist Party was formed in 1919. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, there was no such word as "fascist" until almost thirty years after Pike's death. Myth busted. The Pike/Mazzini correspondence is a lie, a fraud, a hoax. It was written in the 20th Century by a liar who tried to attatch Pike's name to his lies. - Pikes defense

The War of the worlds radio broadcast: the beginnings of Mass media psychological warfare?

Less than seventy years ago, television was barely at an experimental stage and in the United States, radio was the undisputed king of the airwaves. Three out of four families already owned a set (eight million alone were sold in 1936), but as many were to rudely discover, they were not yet fully attuned to the power of this exciting new medium. The wake up call came on the Halloween night of October 1938 when a brilliant young auteur by the name of Orson Welles tapped into the subconscious fears of a nation and convinced thousands of people (perhaps many more) that Martians were invading the United States.

Incredibly, the cause of this mayhem was a dramatic presentation of The War Of The Worlds, a seminal novel written 40 years previously by H. G. Wells. So how and why did this all happen? There are a number of reasons, but it is first worth emphasizing just how new and exciting radio still was in 1938. The big radio networks such as NBC and CBS were only a decade old and engaged in a frenzy of experimentation, filling the airwaves with vast amounts of original material such as comedies, dramas, soaps and a fresh brand of journalism that opened the US public to a new awareness of world conflict and politics.

Americans were now able to connect with events and hear their law and opinion makers as never before. A notable trailblazer in this regard was President Franklin D. Roosevelt, whose "fireside chats" (beginning in 1933) brought the voice of government and authority into the home as never before. Major news events also gripped the nation. Bulletins on the hunt for the kidnapped baby son of aviator Charles Lindbergh kept listeners in an agony of suspense over several months in 1932 and in 1936 the war correspondent Hans Von Kaltenborn became the first American reporter to broadcast live from a war zone, when he brought the actual sounds of a Spanish civil war battle into ordinary homes. Equally dramatic was the fatal crash of the airship Hindenburg, recorded on May 6th 1937 by Herbert Morrison of Chicago station WLS, an event that reduced the helpless reporter to tears of frustration and horror. Undoubtedly however, it was the troubling broadcasts from Nazi Germany that did most to unsettle America in this period. During the Munich Crisis of September 12-30th 1938, more radios were sold to anxious Americans than in any previous three-week period, as Hitler rallied his forces and the world slid inexorably toward war.

In this atmosphere of tension, Orson Welles and his staff were preparing their latest Mercury Theater presentation, a show that has previously dramatised such novels as "The Count of Monte Cristo" and "Dracula". On the face of it, The War Of The Worlds should have had no greater effect on the listening public than the previous broadcasts, which is to say, none at all, but Welles and his co-writer Howard Koch were planning something special this particular night, and though it is a matter of considerable debate if they actually intended to create the subsequent panic, it was undoubtedly their very novel dramatic device that did much of the damage. - war-ofthe-worlds.co.uk

was it an accident?

What Welles didn't count on was the audience's response: people fleeing from their homes and crowding churches, bus terminals, and train stations in a panic. This scare offered perhaps the greatest opportunity for those interested in mass hysteria and the psychology of fear and panic, and resulted in both an extensive case study and fictionalized accounts, and got the U.S. Army interested in the causes of the panic. Today they have a division known as PsyOps, or Psychological Operations, that studies ways to demoralize and freak out enemies. - strangehorizons.com

But what has been--for almost fifty years--a closely guarded secret, is this: Orson Wells' broadcast was no mere show business stunt, but an Experiment in Fear, a psychological warfare test conducted for the Rockefeller Foundation.

[quote below from "America Under Attack" A Reassessment of Orson Welles War of the Worlds" by Paul Heyler ]

A grant from the Rockefeller Foundation to Princeton University helped create the Princeton Office of Radio Research. The director was Paul Lazersfeld, an Austrian Jewish emigre a social psychologist whose expertise in quantitative methods was tempered by a humanist leaning. He teamed with two associates, psychologist Hadley Cantrell and CBS researcher Fred Stanton, a PhD in psychology who would eventually become network president.

The broadcast was a psychological warfare experiment conducted by The Princeton Radio Project. The Rockefeller Foundation funded the project in the fall of 1937. An Office of Radio Research was set up with Paul F. Lazersfeld as director, and Frank Stanton and Hadley Cantrell as associate directors. Using demographic data on the broadcasts audience gleaned from a 10-page interview questionnaire given to 135 people, they created a book, Invasion From Mars: A Study in the Psychology of Panic.

The results were available to only a few, apparently, with no talk of any paperback release Yet more than 12 percent of the American radio audience had listened to the broadcast. More than half that number took it seriously. By sociologist Hadley Cantrell's account, published in a landmark study for the Rockefeller Foundation, more than a million people were frightened by Welles' broadcast. from a must read article by Daniel Hopsicker

...after the radio had added a new dimension to the communications industry, the Martians returned to do their worst in the US. It all began on the evening of Sunday October 30, 1938, when the Announcer cued in the eight o'clock program: "The Columbia Broadcasting System and its affiliated stations present Orson Welles and the Mercury Theater on the Air in The War of the Worlds by H.G. Wells." Half an hour later and half-way through the dramatization, telephone exchanges began to jam throughout the Eastern states and thousands of Americans hid themselves or fled in panic, as the CBS stations broadcast the fearful news of the Martian advance. It was a notorious incident--"TIDAL WAVE OF TERROR SWEEPS NATION" as the newspapers reported next day. Orson Welles, when interviewed, affected total innocence and talked of the realistic drama, but more recent evidence suggests that he was well aware of what he was doing.

And then certain people began to ask the question: Why the panic? Within a week of the Orson Welles broadcast, a research team from Princeton University had gone into the New Jersey area with their clipboards and questionnaires. Their director was Hadley Cantril, who later on established the Office of Public Opinion Research at Princeton University; he had just turned 30 in 1938. He had the great good luck to find the ideal subject for a social-science survey right there on his own academic doorstep. His findings appeared in 1940 with the appropriate title of The Invasion from Mars: A Study in the Psychology of Panic. It has gone through several editions since then, and it now appears in a paperback edition together with the full text of the original broadcast. The study is a model of its kind, but it has little --can have little--to say about the Wells who wrote The War of the Worlds. It assembles the relevant data: 32 million families then owned radios, and an estimated 12 million heard the broadcast; and there are 10 tables that summarize the information on the economic status of the listeners, educational levels, reactions, and so on. The interviews make for fascinating reading. One half-terrified listener reported: "I said to my nephew, we may as well eat this chicken--We won't be here in the morning." Another had a wry pleasure in recalling: "the broadcast had us all worried, but I knew it would at least scare ten years' life out of my mother-in-law" (p. 162).

There is not the least trace of intended irony in saying that Cantril's study offers adequate evidence for what one already knew from intuition and experience. The will-to-believe and the rush-to-escape were directly related to education and economic status. The higher the level of education, the more critical the reception: of those who questioned the broadcast, two-thirds were graduates. What convinced most of the believers was the apparent voice of authority--a professor of astronomy, the Secretary of the Interior, radio reporters. And what made most of them so receptive to such frightening reports was, as many said, the troubled state of their world in the 1930s. Indeed, one columnist summed up the panic as a natural consequence of living in a time of troubles: "The course of world history has affected national psychology. Jitters have come home to roost. We have just gone through a laboratory demonstration of the fact that the peace of Munich hangs heavy over our heads, like a thundercloud" (p. 202).

The most potent factor of all, however, was not within the terms of reference for the Cantril investigation. The radio version succeeded admirably in preserving the startling variety and extraordinary realism of the original story. The adaptor kept as close to the text as he could, and Wells did the rest for him. Howard Koch was so successful that the CBS stations had to make a special announcement at the end of the program: for all those who "did not realize that the program was merely a modernized adaptation of H.G. Wells's famous novel..., we are repeating the fact which was made clear four times on the program, that while the names of some American cities were used, as in all novels and dramatizations, the entire story and all its incidents were fictitious."

- Science Fiction Studies

2 years later - World War II

deception at Pearl Harbour? or a necessary illusion?

the real thing

On the evening of December 6, 1941, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, the president of the United States, received a message intercepted by the U.S. Navy. Sent from Tokyo to the Japanese embassy in Washington, the message was encrypted in the top-level Japanese "purple code." But that was no problem. The Americans had cracked the code long before that.

It was imperative that the president see the message right away because it revealed that the Japanese, under the heavy pressure of Western economic sanctions, were terminating relations with the United States. Roosevelt read the thirteen-part transmission, looked up and announced, "This means war."

He then did a very strange thing for a president in his situation.

Nothing. -

AFPN

Pearl Harbor - the mother of all conspiracies

Dec. 14, 1940:
Joseph Grew, U.S. Ambassador to Japan, sends a letter to FDR, announcing that, "It seems to me increasingly clear that we are bound to have a showdown [with Japan] some day."

Dec. 30, 1940:
Pearl Harbor is considered so likely a target of Japanese attack that Rear Admiral Claude C. Bloch, commander of the Fourteenth Naval District, authors a memorandum entitled, "Situation Concerning the Security of the Fleet and the Present Ability of the Local Defense Forces to Meet Surprise Attacks."

Jan. 27, 1941:
Grew (in Tokyo) sends a dispatch to the State Department: "My Peruvian Colleague told a member of my staff that the Japanese military forces planned, in the event of trouble with the United States, to attempt a surprise mass attack on Pearl Harbor using all of their military facilities."

Feb. 5, 1941:
Bloch's December 30, 1940 memorandum leads to much discussion and eventually a letter from Rear Admiral Richmond Kelly Turner to Secretary of War Henry Stimson in which Turner warns, "The security of the U.S. Pacific Fleet while in Pearl Harbor, and of the Pearl Harbor Naval Base itself, has been under renewed study by the Navy Department and forces afloat for the past several weeks If war eventuates with Japan, it is believed easily possible that hostilities would be initiated by a surprise attack upon the Fleet or the Naval Base at Pearl Harbor In my opinion, the inherent possibilities of a major disaster to the fleet or naval base warrant taking every step, as rapidly as can be done, that will increase the joint readiness of the Army and Navy to withstand a raid of the character mentioned above."

Feb. 18, 1941:
Commander in Chief, Admiral Husband E. Kimmel says, "I feel that a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor is a possibility."

Nov. 25, 1941:
Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson writes in his diary that, "The President ... brought up entirely the relations with the Japanese. He brought up the event that we're likely to be attacked [as soon as] next Monday for the Japanese are notorious for making an attack without warning."

Nov. 27, 1941:
U.S. Army Chief of Staff George C. Marshall issues a memorandum cautioning that "Japanese future action unpredictable but hostile action possible at any moment. If hostilities cannot ... be avoided, the United States desires that Japan commit the first overt action."

Nov 29, 1941:
Secretary of State Cordell Hull, responding to a speech by Japanese General Hideki Tojo one week before the attack, phones FDR at Warm Springs, GA to warn of "the imminent danger of a Japanese attack," and urge him to return to Washington sooner than planned.

Mickey Z

The Attack on Pearl Harbor, 1941:

The White House Reacts

Word of the attack reached President Roosevelt as he lunched in his oval study on Sunday afternoon. Later, Winston Churchill called to tell him that the Japanese had also attacked British colonies in southeast Asia and that Britain would declare war the next day. Roosevelt responded that he would go before Congress the following day to ask for a declaration of war against Japan. Churchill wrote: "To have the United States at our side was to me the greatest joy. Now at this very moment I knew the United States was in the war, up to the neck and in to the death. So we had won after all!...Hitler's fate was sealed. Mussolini's fate was sealed. As for the Japanese, they would be ground to powder."

On Monday, FDR signed the declaration of war granted by Congress. One day later both Germany and Italy, as partners of Japan in the Tripartite Pact, declared war on the US.

"My God, there's another wave of Jap planes over Hawaii right this minute."

Grace Tully was a secretary to President Roosevelt and published her experiences in the White House soon after his death. In the early afternoon of December 7, she was relaxing in her Washington home when she received a phone call:

"On Sunday afternoon I was resting, trying to relax from the grind of the past weeks and to free my mind from the concern caused by the very grave tones in which the President dictated that Saturday night message. I was rather abstractedly looking at a Sunday paper when the telephone rang and Louise Hackmeister said sharply:

'The President wants you right away. There's a car on the way to pick you up. The Japs just bombed Pearl Harbor!'

With no more words and without time for me to make a single remark, she cut off the connection. She had a long list of people to notify. In twenty minutes I was drawing into the White House driveway, already swarming with extra police and an added detail of Secret Service men, with news and radio reporters beginning to stream into the Executive Office wing and State, War and Navy officials hurrying into the House. Hopkins, Knox and Stimson already were with the Boss in his second floor study; Hull and General Marshall arrived a few minutes later.

Most of the news on the Jap attack was then coming to the White House by telephone from Admiral Stark, Chief of Naval Operations, at the Navy Department. It was my job to take these fragmentary and shocking reports from him by shorthand, type them up and relay them to the Boss. I started taking the calls on a telephone in the second floor hall but the noise and confusion were such that I moved into the President's bedroom.

General Watson, Admiral McIntire, Captain Beardall, the Naval Aide, and Marvin McIntyre were on top of me as I picked up each phone call and they followed me as I rushed into Malvina Thompson's tiny office to type each message. All of them crowded over my shoulders as I transcribed each note. The news was shattering. I hope I shall never again experience the anguish and near hysteria of that afternoon.

Coding and decoding operations in Hawaii and in Washington slowed up the transmission. But the news continued to come in, each report more terrible than the last, and I could hear the shocked unbelief in Admiral Stark's voice as he talked to me. At first the men around the President were incredulous; that changed to angry acceptance as new messages supported and amplified the previous ones. The Boss maintained greater outward calm than anybody else but there was rage in his very calmness. With each new message he shook his head grimly and tightened the expression of his mouth.

Within the first thirty or forty minutes a telephone circuit was opened from the White House to Governor Joseph B. Poindexter in Honolulu. The Governor confirmed the disastrous news insofar as he had learned it. In the middle of the conversation he almost shrieked into the phone and the President turned to the group around him to bark grimly:

'My God, there's another wave of Jap planes over Hawaii right this minute.'

Mr. Hull, his face as white as his hair, reported to the Boss that Nomura and Kurusu were waiting to see him at the exact moment the President called to tell him of the bombing. In a tone as cold as ice he repeated what he had told the enemy envoys and there was nothing cold or diplomatic in the words he used. Knox, whose Navy had suffered the worst damage, and Stimson were cross-examined closely on what had happened, on why they believed it could have happened, on what might happen next and on what they could do to repair to some degree the disaster.

Within the first hour it was evident that the Navy was dangerously crippled, that the Army and Air Force were not fully prepared to guarantee safety from further shattering setbacks in the Pacific. It was easy to speculate that a Jap invasion force might be following their air strike at Hawaii - or that the West Coast itself might' be marked for similar assault.

Orders were sent to the full Cabinet to assemble at the White House at 8:30 that evening and for Congressional leaders of both parties to be on hand by 9:00 for a joint conference with the Executive group.

Shortly before 5:00 o'clock the Boss called me to his study. He was alone, seated before his desk on which were two or three neat piles of notes containing the information of the past two hours. The telephone was close by his hand. He was wearing a gray sack jacket and was lighting a cigarette as I entered the room. He took a deep drag and addressed me calmly:

'Sit down, Grace: I'm going before Congress tomorrow. I'd like to dictate my message. It will be short.'

I sat down without a word; it was no time for words other than those to become part of the war effort.

Once more he inhaled deeply, then he began in the same calm tone in which he dictated his mail. Only his diction was a little different as he spoke each word incisively and slowly, carefully specifying each punctuation mark and paragraph.

'Yesterday comma December 7 comma 1941 dash a day which will live in infamy dash the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan period paragraph.'

The entire message ran under 500 words, a cold-blooded indictment of Japanese treachery and aggression, delivered to me without hesitation, interruption or second thoughts.

'I ask,' he concluded, 'that the Congress declare that since the unprovoked and dastardly attack by Japan on Sunday comma December 7 comma a state of war has existed between the United States and the Japanese Empire period end.' As soon as I transcribed it, the President called Hull back to the White House and went over the draft. The Secretary brought with him an alternative message drafted by Sumner Welles, longer and more comprehensive in its review of the circumstances leading to the state of war. It was rejected by the Boss and hardly a word of his own historic declaration was altered. Harry Hopkins added the next to the last sentence: 'With confidence in our armed forces-with the unbounded determination of our people-we will gain the inevitable triumph-so help us God.' "

References: Grace Tully's account appears in Tully, Grace F.D.R. My Boss (1949); Churchill, Winston, The Second World War, vol. I (1959). - eye witness to history

The Battle for Los angeles - a Psyop Hollywood production
to continue the fear, Patriotiam & aggression felt after Pearl Harbor?

The Most Incredible Mass Sighting Of All?

1942 'Battle Of Los Angeles'

By Jeff Rense - source

Five years before Roswell, five years before pilot Kenneth Arnold's landmark sightings of "flying saucers" in the Pacific Northwest, 3 years before the Battle of the Bulge, two years before D-Day, and years before the so-called "modern UFO era" had officially begun, there was the Battle of Los Angeles, arguably the most sensational, dramatic UFO mass encounter on record.

Have you ever heard of the Battle of Los Angeles? Few have. Imagine a visiting spacecraft from another world, or dimension, hovering over a panicked and blacked-out LA in the middle of the night just weeks after Pearl Harbor at the height of WWII fear and paranoia. Imagine how this huge ship, assumed to be some unknown Japanese aircraft, was then attacked as it hung, nearly stationary, over Culver City and Santa Monica by dozens of Army anti-aircraft batteries firing nearly 2,000 rounds of 12 pound, high explosive shells in full view of hundreds of thousands of residents. Imagine all of that and you have an idea of what was the Battle of Los Angeles.

The sudden appearance of the enormous round object triggered all of LA and most of Southern California into an immediate wartime blackout with thousands of Air Raid Wardens scurrying all over the darkened city while the drama unfolded in the skies above... a drama which would result in the deaths of six people and the raining of shell fragments on homes, streets, and buildings for miles around.

Dozens of gun crews and searchlights of the Army's 37th Coast Artillery Brigade easily targeted the huge ship which hung like a surreal magic lantern in the clear, dark winter sky over the City of the Angels. Few in the city were left asleep after the Coastal Defense gunners commenced firing hundreds and hundreds of rounds up toward the glowing ship which was apparently first sighted as it hovered above such west side landmarks as the MGM studios in Culver City. The thump of the batteries and the ignition of the aerial shells reverberated from one end of LA to the other as the gun crews easily landed scores of what many termed "direct hits"....all to no avail. Here now, is what the night skies of LA looked like at the height of the firing....

Pay close attention to the convergence of the searchlights and you will clearly see the shape of the visitor within the illuminated target area. It's a BIG item and seemed completely oblivious to the hundreds of AA shells bursting on and adjacent to it which caused it no evident dismay. There were casualties, however...on the ground. At least 6 people died as a direct result of the Army's attack on the UFO which slowly and leisurely made its way down to and then over Long Beach before finally moving off and disappearing.

In February, 1942, Katie was a young, beautiful, and highly-successful interior decorator and artist who worked with many of Hollywood's most glamorous celebrities and film industry luminaries. She lived on the west side of Los Angeles, not far from Santa Monica. With the outbreak of the war with Japan and the rising fear of a Japanese air attack, or even invasion of the West Coast, thousands of residents volunteered for wartime duties on the home front. Katie volunteered to become an Air Raid Warden as did 12,000 other residents in the sprawling city of Los Angeles and surrounding communities.

In the early morning hours of February 25th, Katie's phone rang. It was the Air Raid supervisor in her district notifying her of an alert and asking if she had seen the object in the sky very close to her home. She immediately walked to a window and looked up. "It was huge! It was just enormous! And it was practically right over my house. I had never seen anything like it in my life!" she said. "It was just hovering there in the sky and hardly moving at all." With the city blacked out, Katie, and hundreds of thousands of others, were able to see the eerie visitor with spectacular clarity. "It was a lovely pale orange and about the most beautiful thing you've ever seen. I could see it perfectly because it was very close. It was big!"

The U.S. Army anti-aircraft searchlights by this time had the object completely covered. "They sent fighter planes up (the Army denied any of its fighters were in action) and I watched them in groups approach it and then turn away. There were shooting at it but it didn't seem to matter." Katie is insistent about the use of planes in the attack on the object. The planes were apparently called off after several minutes and then the ground cannon opened up. "It was like the Fourth of July but much louder. They were firing like crazy but they couldn't touch it." The attack on the object lasted over half an hour before the visitor eventually disappeared from sight. Many eyewitnesses talked of numerous "direct hits" on the big craft but no damage was seen done to it. "I'll never forget what a magnificent sight it was. Just marvelous. And what a georgeous color!", said Katie.

"The object...caught in the center of the lights like the hub of a bicycle wheel surrounded by gleaming spokes. The fire seemed to burst in rings all around the object."

The ONLY description in the LA Times of the UFO, and a sense of the energy and emotion of that night, was found in this small sidebar article written by Times staff writer the day after the event:

Chilly Throng Watches Shells Bursting In Sky

By Marvin Miles

Explosions stabbing the darkness like tiny bursting stars... Searchlight beams poking long crisscross fingers across the night sky...Yells of wardens and the whistles of police and deputy sheriffs...The brief on-and-off flick of lights, telephone calls, snatches of conversation: 'Get the dirty...' That was Los Angeles under the rumble of gunfire yesterday.

RESIDENTS AWAKENED

Sleepy householders awoke to the dull thud of explosions... "Thunder? Can't be!" Then: "Air Raid! Come here quick! Look over there...those searchlights. They've got something...they are blasting in with anti-aircraft!" Father, mother, children all gathered on the front porch, congregated in small clusters in the blacked out streets -- against orders. Babies cried, dogs barked, doors slammed. But the object in the sky slowly moved on, caught in the center of the lights like the hub of a bicycle wheel surrounded by gleaming spokes.

SPECULATION RIFE

Speculation fell like rain. "It's a whole squadron." "No, it's a blimp. It must be because it's moving so slowly." "I hear planes." "No you don't. That's a truck up the street." "Where are the planes then?" "Dunno. They must be up there though." "Wonder why they picked such a clear night for a raid?" "They're probably from a carrier." "Naw, I'll bet they are from a secret air base down south somewhere." Still the firing continued. Like lethal firecrackers, the anti-aircraft rounds blasted above, below, seemingly right on the target fixed in the tenacious beams. Other shots fell short, exploding halfway up the long climb. Tracers sparked upward like roman candles. Metal fell. It fell in chunks, large and small; not enemy metal, but the whistling fragments of bursting ack-ack shells. The menacing thud and clank on streets and roof tops drove many spectators to shelter.

WARDENS DO GOOD JOB

Wardens were on the job, doing a good job of it. "Turn off your lights, please. Pull over to the curb and stop. Don't use your telephone. Take shelter. Take shelter." On every street brief glares of hooded flashlights cut the darkness, warning creeping drivers to stop. Police watched at main intersections. Sirens wailed enroute to and from blackout accidents. There came lulls in the firing. The search lights went out. (To allow the fighter planes to attack?). Angelinos breathed deeply and said, "I guess it's all over." But before they could tell their neighbors good night, the guns were blasting again, sighting up the long blue beams of the lights.

WATCHERS SHIVER

The fire seemed to burst in rings all around the target. But the eager watchers, shivering in the early morning cold, weren't rewarded by the sight of a falling plane. Nor were there any bombs dropped. "Maybe it's just a test," someone remarked. "Test, hell!" was the answer. "You don't throw that much metal in the air unless you're fixing on knocking something down." Still the firing continued, muttering angrily off toward the west like a distant thunderstorm. The targeted object inched along high, flanked by the cherry red explosions. And the householders shivered in their robes, their faces set, watching the awesome scene.

The following are excerpts from the primary front page story of the LA Times on February 26th. Note that there is not a SINGLE description of the object even though is was clearly locked in the focus of dozens of searchlights for well over half an hour and seen by hundreds of thousands of people:

Army Says Alarm Real - Roaring Guns Mark Blackout

Identity of Aircraft Veiled in Mystery; No Bombs Dropped and No Enemy Craft Hit; Civilians Reports Seeing Planes and Balloon

Overshadowing a nation-wide maelstrom of rumors and conflicting reports, the Army's Western Defense Command insisted that Los Angeles' early morning blackout and anti-aircraft action were the result of unidentified aircraft sighted over the beach area. In two official statements, issued while Secretary of the Navy Knox in Washington was attributing the activity to a false alarm and "jittery nerves," the command in San Francisco confirmed and reconfirmed the presence over the Southland of unidentified planes. Relayed by the Southern California sector office in Pasadena, the second statement read: "The aircraft which caused the blackout in the Los Angeles area for several hours this a.m. have not been identified." Insistence from official quarters that the alarm was real came as hundreds of thousands of citizens who heard and saw the activity spread countless varying stories of the episode. The spectacular anti-aircraft barrage came after the 14th Interceptor Command ordered the blackout when strange craft were reported over the coastline. Powerful searchlights from countless stations stabbed the sky with brilliant probing fingers while anti-aircraft batteries dotted the heavens with beautiful, if sinister, orange bursts of shrapnel.

City Blacked Out For Hours

The city was blacked out from 2:25 to 7:21 am after an earlier yellow alert at 7:18 pm was called off at 10:23 pm. The blackout was in effect from here to the Mexican border and inland to the San Joaquin Valley. No bombs were dropped and no airplanes shot down and, miraculously in terms of the tons of missiles hurled aloft, only two persons were reported wounded by falling shell fragments.

Countless thousands of Southland residents, many of whom were late to work because of the traffic tie-up during the blackout, rubbed their eyes sleepily yesterday and agreed that regardless of the question of how "real" the air raid alarm may have been, it was "a great show" and "well worth losing a few hours' sleep."

The blackout was not without its casualties, however. A State Guardsman died of a heart attack while driving an ammunition truck, heart failure also accounted for the death of an air raid warden on duty, a woman was killed in a car-truck collision in Arcadia, and a Long Beach policeman was killed in a traffic crash enroute to duty. Much of the firing appeared to come from the vicinity of aircraft plants along the coastal area of Santa Monica, Inglewood, Southwest Los Angeles, and Long Beach.

In its front page editorial, the Times said: "In view of the considerable public excitement and confusion caused by yesterday morning's supposed enemy air raid over this area and its spectacular official accompaniments, it seems to The Times that more specific public information should be forthcoming from government sources on the subject, if only to clarify their own conflicting statements about it."

"According to the Associated Press, Secretary Knox intimated that reports of enemy air activity in the Pacific Coastal Region might be due largely to 'jittery nerves.' Whose nerves, Mr. Knox? The public's or the Army's?"

[snip]

Santa Barbara's Ellwood Oil Field Submarine Attack

Just a few days before the "Battle of LA" a Japanese submarine had surfaced at night and fired its deck gun into the Ellwood oil field located 12 miles northwest of Santa Barbara. The LA Times:

"From Santa Barbara, area of the submarine attack Monday night, District Attorney Percy Heckendorf said he would appeal to Lt. Gen. John L. DeWitt, commanding officer of the Western Defense Command, to make Santa Barbara County a restricted area for enemy nationals and American-born Japanese as well. "There is convincing proof," Heckendorf asserted, "that there were shore signals flashed to the enemy." Heckendorf said the people will hold Gen. DeWitt responsible if he failed to act. Army ordinance officers, meanwhile, were studying more than 200 pounds of shell fragments from missiles fired by the submarine, which caused only $500 damage in the Ellwood oil field near Santa Barbara."

It is said by some locals that the skipper or one of the officers on the Japanese sub had worked in the Ellwood oil field some years prior to the outbreak of the war. The story claims that the man had been mistreated by some of his co-workers during that time, had returned to Japan before the war began, and had then subsequently helped lead the submarine back to the area to make it's attack.

Was the whole 'Jap sub threat / Battle for LA excercise actually a Psyop to continue driving the fear of the enemy into the American public & demonstrate the defensive ability of the US troops...?

after all...the US public had now seen anti aircraft shelling an intruder...

one can only imagine the shock to the public after Pearl harbor was attacked...was this a continuation of the original charade?

Was Mainland USA attacked only once during World War II?

In 1933, Japan withdrew from the League of Nations since she was heavily criticized for her actions in China.

In July 1937, the second Sino-Japanese War broke out. A small incident was soon made into a full scale war by the Kwantung army which acted rather independently from a more moderate government. The Japanese forces succeeded in occupying almost the whole coast of China and committed severe war atrocities on the Chinese population, especially during the fall of the capital Nanking. However, the Chinese government never surrendered completely, and the war continued on a lower scale until 1945.

In 1940, Japan occupied French Indochina (Vietnam) upon agreement with the French Vichy government, and joined the Axis powers Germany and Italy. These actions intensified Japan's conflict with the United States and Great Britain which reacted with an oil boycott. The resulting oil shortage and failures to solve the conflict diplomatically made Japan decide to capture the oil rich Dutch East Indies (Indonesia) and to start a war with the US and Great Britain.

In December 1941, Japan attacked the Allied powers at Pearl Harbour and several other points throughout the Pacific. Japan was able to expand her control over a large territory that expanded to the border of India in the West and New Guinea in the South within the following six months.

The turning point in the Pacific War was the battle of Midway in June 1942. From then on, the Allied forces slowly won back the territories occupied by Japan. In 1944, intensive air raids started over Japan. In spring 1945, US forces invaded Okinawa in one of the war's bloodiest battles.

On July 27, 1945, the Allied powers requested Japan in the Potsdam Declaration to surrender unconditionally, or destruction would continue. However, the military did not consider surrendering under such terms, partially even after US military forces dropped two atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and 9, and the Soviet Union entered the war against Japan on August 8. - japan-guide.com

NAZI bases & Antartic UFOS

The web is abundant with sites setting forth information about suspected and actual German involvement in Antarctica possibly dating back even to the late 1800's. It does make one wonder if there were in fact, covert or as they say today, "black-ops" reasons for one or more of the Byrd Expeditions (including Operation Highjump for this discussion) as well as the private expedition of Captain Ronne.

Many online sources are available with information concerning what I have dubbed the "Byrd Conspiracy", which was not a conspiracy by Admiral Byrd, rather what may have been an apparent conspiracy by the government to keep particular information that he had uncovered during Operation Highjump as a secret. I am not passing judgment at this time, as I am still investigating the whole thing to my satisfaction.

However, lending credence to this conspiracy theory is the observation that Admiral Byrd does in effect seem to "disappear" from public view shortly after his return from Operation Highjump in 1947-- until approximately 1955 when he organized Operation Deep Freeze I, and he was reported to have been hospitalized (in a mental ward) shortly after his return in 1947. This forced hospitalization is said to have came upon the tails of Byrd having made some remarkably candid comments (which included what smacked of being a description of a UFO) to a South American newspaper about what he had found during Operation Highjump. His disappearance from the scene after his arrival back in the states, would make it appear he may have been promptly squelched! Remember that this time period coincided roughly with the Roswell UFO sightings. Operation Highjump would have been first, early in 1947, and then Roswell to follow in the summer of 1947. This was a situation that was the last thing the government would have wanted, another military official (in this case a quite prominent and popular man who had spent years criss-crossing the United States giving lectures and whose word would have been quite respected and accepted) who apparently reported having seen/and or believing in UFOs!!

NOTE: If Op HJ had continued to its full expected duration of six to eight months, they would have still been in Antarctica at the time of Roswell. The expedition headed back to the U.S. in early 1947, well short of its expected ending. Some would say "limped back", after suffering great losses of personnel and equipment. The official record only sets forth a limited loss of life and aircraft, but conspiracists feel the record has been doctored or we are not being told the full story.

Contrast this lack of public accessibility after Operation Highjump, to the previous well-known availability of Admiral Byrd in the period following his first two Antarctic Expeditions, where there are documented philatelic items from cities all over the country serving as commemorations of where Byrd visited lecturing to the public about his travels in Antarctica. That Byrd loved to travel and lecture about his polar explorations is quite evident.

The polar regions and his expeditions were his very reason for existence; he had said from the time he was a child that he felt destined to be a polar explorer. He had a passion for all things polar, especially exploration, that could scarcely be contained. Operation Highjump was at least as important in many respects, it would appear, as his previous expeditions... so where was he after his return? Where did he go? Was he locked away so he couldn't share the story of what he really had found in Antarctica? As some theorists suggest, during Operation Highjump, did he encounter and engage Nazi forces operating from bases that lodged advanced aircraft with advanced propulsion systems?

Many think so, and I am beginning to see some curiosities about many aspects of Operation Highjump and now, perhaps even with Ronne's Expedition.

The little tidbit mentioned above that Ronne forked us in his book, only begins to tell us why the Oleana Base, Antarctica postmark is one of the rarest polar cancels that exist. With this being the first American post office established on the Antarctic continent, it is a shame that the cancel was not used more often. Is there perhaps a larger reason why this post office was kept secret? We do know that many countries, including Britain, had concurrent secret bases and or expeditions in the same general time period, notably Port Lockroy on the Antarctic peninsula. Port Lockroy was part of a top secret World War II British expedition called Operation Tabarin.

Operation Tabarin was the beginning of Britain's permanent presence on the Antarctic continent, and was built to serve as a southern outpost and to keep an eye on suspected Nazi presence on the ice. In a 2001 BBC interview, one of the last remaining survivors of that secret expedition, Gwion Davies, noted that the posting of mail from their secret base was a way of their laying claim to, or establishing that section of Antarctica as British sovereign territory. In other words, just as the Nazis are known to have dropped metal dart/ markers with the Third Reich swastika emblem over a large area of Antarctica during their expedition in 1939, to act as a laying of a claim; for any country (such as Britain) to have a post office that actually accepted and postmarked mail definitely shows an intention on their part of not only establishing a base, but of staying.

While the United States did not then, and does not now, recognize any country as having specific territorial claims upon Antarctica, for Ronne to have allowed his expedition members to have open mailing of letters from Oleana Base would have served a similar purpose as with Port Lockroy, but for some reason, he would not allow that to be done. Why? Some mail did escape, and other mail from members of the Ronne Expedition is known to have been posted from nearby British bases. The posting of mail often serves a geo-political purpose in addition to the simple fact it carries mail back home to loved ones; and it is a great curiosity to many polar philatelists and followers of Antarctic history that it was not done in this instance. The full story about the existence of the post office (as well as even greater secrets?) may have passed with Captain Ronne.

Nazi Bases in Antartica - UFO - Omega Files

Nazi Bases in Antartica - UFO - Omega Files

...from a collection of March 2000 sunset photographs which Rodney Marks shared with the South Pole community and the rest of the world (courtesy of Bill Koleto and Chris Rock)

An Introduction to Green Flashes

Green flashes are real (not illusory) phenomena seen at sunrise and sunset, when some part of the Sun suddenly changes color (at sunset, from red or orange to green or blue). The word "flash" refers to the sudden appearance and brief duration of this green color, which usually lasts only a second or two at moderate latitudes. As the area that turns green is ordinarily near the limit of the eye's resolution, these are sometimes called "green dot" displays. There are several quite different phenomena commonly lumped together under the name of "the green flash", and this intermingling of disparate phenomena has fostered confusion. So I prefer to say "green flashes" and avoid the definite article.

There is a distinct, but related, phenomenon that really deserves the term "flash." In this much rarer display, a green flash of the ordinary kind is followed (at sunset) by a brief ray or glow of green, which often appears to shoot up from the sunset point. It often accompanies, or follows, a "green dot". These very rare displays are grouped under the term "green ray," although the ray form is only one of several. Unfortunately, the term "green ray" has often been applied to the much commoner green-flash displays of the "green dot" form. - mintaka.sdsu.edu

could these balls of light actually be an early form of an EMF Plasma weapon? or advanced Junkers Wing planes with Plasma Stealth radar?

1944-45, Foo Fighters

Although reports of sightings, which were eventually termed "UFOs," can be traced far back into history, students of the subject have arbitrarily placed the beginning of the modern era in the mid-1940s with the appearance of UFOs over both the European and Pacific Theaters of War. These UFOs were called by many names, all of which revealed a lack of understanding of their nature and source. To the Allies, they were "kraut fireballs" or "foo fighters," with the latter term surviving. It is believed that the Germans and Japanese saw them also.

Reports of "unexplained transparent, metallic and glowing balls" began in quantity in June, 1944, at about the same time the Allies invaded France, and Nazi Germany began launching V-1 flying bombs aimed at London, thus starting the era of unmanned missiles. Reports intensified in November 1944, not long after the first German V-2 ballistic rockets were fired at London and Paris.

Pilots and their air crews reported that the "odd things" flew in formation with their airplanes, "played tag" with them, and generally behaved as if they were under intelligent control. At no time were they said to have displayed aggressive behavior. Nevertheless, most people assumed they were an experimental enemy device being prepared for operational use. Rumors of highly advanced weapons were common at this time, fed by the awesome reality of the V1 and V2 weapons. The following are typical of the scores of "foo fighter" reports on record. Rumors persist that the U.S. Eighth Air Force in England commissioned a study on these reports, but no documentary evidence has yet been found.

Hitler's advanced technology included intercontinental ballistic missiles, vertical takeoff aircraft, jet engines, cruise missiles, sound cannons, and many other advanced items. The Allies captured plans for what became the Boeing 747 Jumbo jet. Among the most secret items captured were plans for flying disks, that were at first called "Krautmeteors." Based on the evidence, they were built as early as around 1933 and went into mass production in 1940. Scientists involved in these projects were Bellonzo, Schriever, Miethe and Victor Schauberger.

Schauberger developed the "flying hat" type disc that was later seen over the United States. The final version was the Bellonzo-Schriever-Miethe Diskus, as large as 135 feet and some up to 225 feet in diameter. They traveled over 2,000 km/hr and were planned to go over 4,000 km/hr. In 1945 they could reach a speed of 1,300 mph and an altitude of 40,000 feet in less than three minutes. The Germans developed the Delta wing craft, and were working on stealth technology, etc. Many pilots saw the strange craft over Germany. However, as soon as a craft was built, Hitler ordered it disassembled and shipped somewhere -- probably Antarctica. None of the craft were captured by the Allies, although some of the scientists were captured and then mostly disappeared, but can somewhat be traced to Bell Textron and to places such as Area 51, which, surprise!, is infamous for its 'UFO' sightings.

- Omega files

The article scanned left, is actually the New York Time's edit of the Reuter newswire transmitting a news item released by the Supreme Headquartes of the US Army reproduced underneath:

SUPREME HEADQUARTERS Dec. 13 1944 (Reuter)

- The Germans have produced a "secret" weapon in keeping with the Christmas season. The new device, apparently an air defense weapon resembles the huge glass balls that adorn Christmas trees. There was no information available as to whatholds them up like stars in the sky, what is in them or what their purpose is supposed to be.

a 1944 German designed Junkers Ju 287 V1

Home Page

roll over to see similar foo fighter - click on image for source page

Warplanes with Plasma Radar? 1999 report:

a Jane's Defence Weekly report , March 17, 1999

"A Russian scientific research organisation is to offer for export a 'bolt-on' stealth device that it claims renders non-stealthy aircraft practically invisible to radar. The system, which envelops the aircraft in a cloak of ionised gas known as a plasma, is said to be fully developed, with work on a "third-generation visibility-reduction system" under way.

Keldysh NITs (Nauchno-Issledovatelskiy Tsentr or Scientific Research Centre) is making the claims. According to its director, Anatoliy Koroteyev, the system weighs less than 100kg and consumes little more than several dozen kW of power.

Given the state of the Russian economy, analysts consider it unlikely that any of NITs' work has been applied to Russian Air Force aircraft. According to Koroteyev, however, the system will soon be offered for export.

By installing the system, a typical aircraft radar cross-section (RCS) might be cut "by more than 100 times", Keldysh NITs officials said. This would be much the same RCS as dedicated US stealth aircraft such as the Lockheed Martin F-117 stealth fighter and the Northrop Grumman B-2 stealth bomber.

The claims are given credence by corroborating information on the status of Russian aerospace plasma research acquired by Jane's Defence Weekly last year. Russian work in the use of plasmas that purported to reduce aircraft drag by as much as 30% was collated by British Aerospace (BAe) in the mid-1990s. BAe has since been trying to verify the Russian claims in experiments carried out jointly with the UK Defence Evaluation and Research Agency (DERA) and the UK Ministry of Defence (JDW 17 June 1998).

One of the spin-offs of 'plasma aerodynamics', Russian officials told BAe, was that it vastly reduced an aircraft's RCS. The absorption of radio waves by plasmas is well known as the communications black-out that a space vehicle encounters on re-entry is caused by the shielding effects of plasma. This builds naturally in front of the spacecraft as it hits the Earth's atmosphere and shocks the air to high temperature.

The same principle applies to the absorption of radar energy. Although the aircraft would appear to glow like a lightbulb, using plasma generators all around the airframe, it would be almost invisible on a radar screen, Russian officials maintain.

In the opinion of designers at Mikoyan and Sukhoi, the expense of all-embracing low-observable technology as applied in the US Air Force's F-117 and B-2 outweighs its effectiveness. Russians prefer to stress the 'balance' achieved in their latest-generation of fighter designs between aerodynamic efficiency and stealth. The Mikoyan 1-44 and Sukhoi S-37 technology demonstrators, both of which have been rolled out in the past 18 months, are supposed to make use of radar-absorbent paint and materials but are short of inherent stealth features.

Keldysh NITs said that "first- and second-" generation plasma-generators had been tested on the ground and in flight. The centre is working on a third-generation system "based on new physical principles", a possible reference to the use of electrostatic energy around an airframe to reduce RCS. Others believe the Russians could be attempting to duplicate secret work under way in the USA to make aircraft invisible to the human eye by using 'smart skins' that mimic their background."

- source: Jane's Defence

Kubricks Dr Strangelove

Dulles-Bush / CIA Dynasty helped fund the USA Space/Military Industrial complex which was built on technology appropriated from ....The NAZIS

The end of World War II saw an intense scramble for Nazi Germany's many technological secrets. The Allies vied to plunder as much equipment and expertise as possible from the rubble of the Thousand Year Reich for themselves, while preventing others from doing the same. The range of Germany's technical achievement astounded Allied scientific intelligence experts accompanying the invading forces in 1945. Supersonic rockets, nerve gas, jet aircraft, guided missiles, stealth technology and hardened armour were just some of the groundbreaking technologies developed in Nazi laboratories, workshops and factories, even as Germany was losing the war. The team which had built the V-2, led by Wernher von Braun, 'fell' into American hands. - BBC

The U.S. Military rounded up Nazi scientists and brought them to America. It had originally intended merely to debrief them and send them back to Germany. But when it realized the extent of the scientists knowledge and expertise, the War Department decided it would be a waste to send the scientists home. Following the discovery of flying discs (foo fighters), particle/laser beam weaponry in German military bases, the War Department decided that NASA and the CIA must control this technology, and the Nazi engineers that had worked on this technology.

Von Braun (third from left) in Nevada after the war. Note the swastika on the sign. Note the shape of the sign...He and his friends made no attempt to hide their allegiances while working on NASA's space program.

Project Paperclip was stopped in 1957, when West Germany protested to the U.S. that these efforts had stripped it of "scientific skills." There was no comment about supporting Nazis. Paperclip may have ended in 1957, but as you can see from Licio Gelli and his international dealings with the CIA in Italy/P2, and Heinrich Rupp with his involvement in October Surprise, the ramifications of Paperclip are world-wide. The Nazis became employed CIA agents, engaging in clandestine work with the likes of George Bush, the CIA, Henry Kissenger, and the Masonic P2 lodge. This is but one of the results of Operation Paperclip. Another umbrella project that was spawned from Paperclip was MK-ULTRA. - source

A Satellites humble beginnings? an illustration from Rands 1st report on a "world circling spaceship" in 1946 [from this document]

In January 1946 industrialist Donald Douglas approached the Army Air Force with a plan for government and industry to work together on long range strategic planning. This was called Project RAND, a name coined by Arthur Raymond from Research ANd Development. Much of their first government money went to the von Braun team. [McDougall, Walter al. ..."the Heavens and the Earth, A Political History of the Space Age," Basic Books, New York, 1985, p. 89.]...

Atlantis revisited: Dulce & Other Underground Bases and Tunnels

by William Hamilton III (Excerpt from Cosmic Top Secret by William H. Hamilton III) - ufos-aliens.co.uk [back up]

Underground Bases & Tunnels

Does a strange world exist beneath our feet? Strange legends have persisted for centuries about the mysterious cavern world and the equally strange beings who inhabit it.

More UFOlogists have considered the possibility that UFOs may be emanating from subterranean bases, that UFO aliens have constructed these bases to carry out various missions involving Earth or humans.

Belief in a subterranean world has been handed down as myth, tale, or rumor down the generations from all over the world. Some of these stories date back to ancient times and tell tales of fantastic flora and fauna that can be found in the caverns of ancient races. Socrates spoke of huge hollows within the Earth which are inhabited by man, and vast caverns which rivers flow.

A legendary large cavern supposedly exists below Kokoweef Peak in southwestern California. Earl Dorr, a miner and prospector, followed clues given to him by Indians. He entered Crystal Cave in the thirties and followed a passage down into Kokoweef Mountain until he attained a depth of about a mile. There, he entered a large cavern which he proceeded to explore for a distance of eight miles. At the bottom of the cavern, a river flowed, rising and falling with the lunar tides, and depositing black sands rich in placer gold along its banks. One day, crazed by fever, Dorr used dynamite to seal shut the entrance to his fabulous cavern, and started a legend that still lures men to seek the fabled wealth below Kokoweef.

Nowhere is the belief in a subterranean world more prevalent than with the Indians of North America. The Hopis believed they emerged from a world below the earth through a tunnel at the base of the San Francisco peaks near Flagstaff.

There are also legends about mysterious Mount Shasta in northern California. The mountain is said to have housed a race of surviving Lemurians who built a sanctuary in the depths of the earth to escape the catastrophes which befell them. These Lumerians allied themselves with space travelers who built a saucer base inside the mountain.

Whether ancient cities exist in caverns below the earth is anyone's guess, but it's a fact that governments have built underground tunnels and facilities for a variety of reasons. The Chinese, Russians, Vietnamese all built subterranean tunnels and bases. It shouldn't come as a surprise that America has been building its own underground world.

An elusive report in the August 7, 1989 edition of U.S. News and World Report, reveals the secret plan to carry on government in case of a disaster. The plan is called "Continuity of Government" or COG. The article stated that COG is the government's ultimate insurance policy should Armageddon ever arrive, providing the program runs smoothly. In 1982, a new secret agency, the Defense Mobilization Planning Systems Agency was created and reports to the President. In the event of a nuclear attack, special teams equipped with war plans, military codes, and other essential data would accompany each designated presidential successor to secret command posts around the country. Besides the president, another 46 key officials named in the Joint Emergency Evacuation Plan (JEEP) would be evacuated. There are 50 of these underground command post bunkers located in 10 different regions of the country, and each is linked with others via satellite or ground-wave relays.

The U.S. Air Force sponsored research in deep underground construction as early as 1958. The RAND corporation carried out this research, and published proceedings from symposiums held on the subject of construction methods and equipment, utility installation, and the use of nuclear bursts to produce underground cavities.

A great concern to underground construction engineers was the problem of ventilation. They considered it advisable to take into account all types of ventilation contamination, and not just radioactive fallout. Underground works included ingresses, egresses, and accommodations. The first two are generally provided for by shafts or tunnels, while the third requires larger openings, such as halls, chambers, cells, vaults, or other open spaces. Many problems in design and construction are common to all three, but the problems associated with the larger openings in the rock, required for accommodation purposes, are generally more complex and difficult than those for the smaller openings of tunnels or shafts. Operation and maintenance of underground installations can also pose special problems.

Huge boring machines with large-diameter disc-grinders are used in constructing tunnels. Tunnels are needed to link one accommodation area to another, or one facility to another.

Roswell

On or around Independence Day, 1947, during a severe thunderstorm near Roswell, New Mexico, an Air Force experiment using high altitude balloons blew apart and fell to the earth.

This minor event in the history of reconnaissance turned out to be the Big Bang of UFOlogy. UFO enthusiasts have come to see that 4th of July as the day an alien spaceship crashed on Earth. Some UFOlogists claim that aliens were taken away by the U.S. Air Force and other government coconspirators for an interrogation or an autopsy. Some claim that all our modern technology was learned by analyzing and copying the technology of the aliens.

skepdic.com


Independence day huh?

Alien Autopsy - MY STORY by Ray Santilli -

This information was posted on the Roswell site on the Paragon Computer Site
and describes how Mr. Santill obtained the film in his own words.

AS A RESULT OF RESEARCH for a music documentary I was in Cleveland Ohio USA in the summer of 1993. Whilst there, I acquired early footage of Elvis Presley on stage. The film had been shot for Universal News in the summer of 1955 by a local freelance cameraman.

Following my purchase of the film from the original the cameraman he asked if I would be interested in any other type of film and he explained in 'short form' the events he found himself filming 1947. He explained that the footage he was offering to me came from the Roswell crash, that it included debris and recovery scenes and of most importance footage of an autopsy.

At the time I had no knowledge of the event, Roswell was not the household name it is today but when someone tells you they have real footage of an alien autopsy it is of course interesting.

The cameraman was in his eighties and seemed a genuine enough person, he explained that from 1942 to 1952 he worked as a cameraman for the Army Air force and special forces, that during his time with the services he filmed many events including the tests that were part of the Manhattan Project (Atomic bomb testing White Sands).

He explained that on June 2nd 1947 he received an order directly from General McMullan stating there had been a crash. He was to go immediately to White Sands and film everything. The cameraman had authority over and above the on-site commander and reported back only to McMullan.

The cameraman Flew to Roswell then was taken by road to the site he describes as being a dried up small lake bed.

After hearing the story I was taken to the cameraman's house and viewed the footage. The cameraman had one reel of film that he was able to show on an old projector. He moved the projector over to a wall and projected the image onto the wall itself.

The footage was remarkable. From his house I telephoned Kodak to ask their advice in checking the film. I was told to look for an edge code which would indicate the year of the film. The code I saw matched the code for 1947.

I quickly confirmed a cash offer subject to further checks and the cameraman accepted. I said I would require a few days and a small sample of the film to take back. The cameraman gave me around two feet of leader from the film itself which I brought back to the UK.

Unfortunately raising the money required became a problem and a few days turned into a few weeks, then a few months. This was made all the more difficult because the cameraman needed money for a family wedding. By now the cameraman was becoming very nervous and refused to take my calls. Each time I called, his wife would simply take a message. The story stops there until November of 1994 when with the money in hand I flew over without warning to buy the film and succeeded.

I believed the cameraman was genuine; he had been married to the same woman for over 50 years and lived in humble surroundings. I had the opportunity of going through old photo albums, his film collection, and personal papers. I am certain that the cameraman was everything he claimed.

I came away with 22 reels of film, 21 safety prints and one negative.

Ray Santilli

Max Headroom creator made Roswell alien

Marc Horne The Sunday Times - April 16, 2006

THE creator of Max Headroom, a 1980s television cyber-presenter, has claimed he was one of the hoaxers behind the Roswell film, the grainy black and white footage supposedly showing a dead alien being dissected by American government scientists after a UFO crash.

Alien Autopsy, a movie about the footage, is currently on release across Britain. It stars real-life television presenters Ant and Dec.

John Humphreys, a sculptor and consultant on Alien Autopsy who has also worked on special effects for Doctor Who, said it was he who made the models for the alien dissected in the original fake footage.

His confession, 11 years after the Roswell footage was first shown, will raise questions about the role of Channel 4, which unleashed Max Headroom on the world in the 1980s and bought the UK rights to screen the Roswell footage in Britain.

The footage was first exposed as a fake by The Sunday Times, but an estimated billion people still watched it around the world.

Rather than being shot in 1947 near Roswell in the New Mexico desert as previously claimed, the film was actually made at a flat in Camden, north London, in 1995.

Philip Mantle, a UFO researcher and author who has been investigating the Roswell hoax for 10 years, said Humphreys had been a prime suspect but had never before admitted involvement.

Mantle, who next month will deliver a lecture at Glasgow University on the Roswell story, said: "I didn't think it would take so long, but I am delighted this hoax has finally been exposed and the mystery has been solved."

Humphreys, who is based in Manchester, says he also appeared in the Roswell film as the chief surgeon. The bug-eyed alien models were filled with sheep brains, chicken entrails and knuckle joints bought from Smithfield meat market. After filming, the dummies were cut up and dumped in bins across London.

For a few short weeks the world held its breath after the 91-minute silent film was unveiled by Ray Santilli, a London-based video distributor. He claimed to have bought the footage, shot on 14 reels, from a retired American military cameramen.

Humphreys said the Roswell film was shot by himself, Santilli and three others. He said he spent four weeks fashioning the models from latex using clay sculptures.

Humphreys, a graduate of the Royal Academy who has also created special effects for the film Charlie and the Chocolate Factory starring Johnny Depp, says he only told his wife about the hoax when he was hired to work on Alien Autopsy.

"It was a very, very strange feeling to know that I had played a key part in it," he said.

Santilli, who is played by Declan Donnelly in Alien Autopsy, insists he was trying to "re-create" a real Roswell incident. He claims he bought genuine footage that was badly damaged when it was exposed to the air after 48 years in a can. "John was given very precise images to work with and what he did was sheer genius," he said.

1953 - visionary producer George Pal brought the classic H.G. Wells story of a Martian invasion to the big screen, and it instantly became a science fiction classic and winner of the 1953 Academy Award for Best Special Effects.

- The Cold War is in effect

Mcarthyism = Red threat = Alien invader mass media cultic programming

McCarthyism and its Effects on America McCarthyism not only destroyed the lives and careers of many Americans but also the innocent image of the country. Senator Joe McCarthy from Wisconsin was the same as any man. But when he cried Communism the world seemed to listen. Following the Cold War between Russia and the United States there came many hardships, such as unemployment and high inflation.

These hardships produced a restless society. The society then looked for something or someone to blame. They found someone to blame. Communists. Throughout the country there was a witch hunt known as the Red Scare. A basic idea was formed:

Communism was evil. Anyone who participated in such evil was considered illegitimate and were to be excluded from such things as sharing ideas, and jobs . This fear of Communism or anti-Communism as it was called could be described as a type of "virus."

When all was calm in America the virus would fade, but the moment a crisis struck, the virus came back stronger than ever. Communism was a threat not only for countries overseas but a threat for America and its people. It was a threat on the American way of life, a bruise on the phrase "the right to life, liberty, & happiness - radessays.com

Political mind control via media:
creating the red menace-
CIA press agent spins 'brainwashing'
why would they do that? Because they are doing the brainwashing

In September 1950, the Miami News published an article by Edward Hunter titled " 'Brain-Washing' Tactics Force Chinese into Ranks of Communist Party." It was the first printed use in any language of the term "brainwashing," which quickly became a stock phrase in Cold War headlines. Hunter, a CIA propaganda operator who worked under cover as a journalist, turned out a steady stream of books and articles on the subject. He made up his coined word from the Chinese hsi-nao"to cleanse the mind"which had no political meaning in Chinese.

American public opinion reacted strongly to Hunter's ideas, no doubt because of the hostility that prevailed toward communist foes, whose ways were perceived as mysterious and alien. Most Americans knew something about the famous trial of the Hungarian Josef Cardinal Mindszenty, at which the Cardinal appeared zombie-like, as though drugged or hypnotized. Other defendants at Soviet "show trials" had displayed similar symptoms as they recited unbelievable confessions in dull, clich�ridden monotones. Americans were familiar with the idea that the communists had ways to control hapless people, and Hunter's new word helped pull together the unsettling evidence into one sharp fear. The brainwashing controversy intensified during the heavy 1952 fighting in Korea, when the Chinese government launched a propaganda offensive that featured recorded statements by captured U.S. pilots, who "confessed" to a variety of war crimes including the use of germ warfare. -

The Search for the Manchurian Candidate

- note: is this an example of Subliminal Posthypnotic Scripts

- report on Russian brainwashing by the CIA,

- Brain Washing and The Mormon Conspiracy

Deja Vu? Beijing 'brainwashes Sars hero'

Many Chinese see Jiang as a national hero for speaking out The Chinese doctor who exposed Beijing's Sars cover-up last year is undergoing "brainwashing sessions" in custody, according to media reports. Jiang Yanyong is being interrogated about his letter denouncing the 1989 Tiananmen Square crackdown, said sources quoted by the Washington Post. The authorities have said Mr Jiang, 72, will be held until he "changes his thinking", the newspaper said.

His wife, Hua Zhongwei, was also taken into custody and went on hunger strike. She was released on 15 June and told not to speak to reporters. It is not uncommon for China to subject dissidents to "re-education classes" to force them to develop a politically correct mentality, analysts say.

Mr Jiang - a doctor in China's People's Liberation Army - is being held under 24-hour supervision at an undisclosed location, the Washington Post said.
BBC

strangely, the alternative to the Washington Post is the 'Times', which is owned and influenced by Rev. Sun Myung Moon's Unification Church...who are no strangers to brainwashing...!

Hypnosis & Mind control

A declassified CIA document dated 7 January 1953 with a section heading "Outline of Special H Cases" describes the experimental creation of multiple personality in two 19-year old girls by the CIA. "H" is used as shorthand for hypnotic, hypnotized, or hypnotism in these documents: "These subjects have clearly demonstrated that they can pass from a fully awake state to a deep H controlled state by telephone, by receiving written matter, or by the use of code, signal, or words, and that control of those hypnotized can be passed from one individual to another without great difficulty. It has also been shown by experimentation with these girls that they can act as unwilling couriers for information purposes.". - much more

Secret UFO report revealed

Source: scenta

Experts have uncovered a secret Ministry of Defence (MoD) report asserting that UFOs exist, but have nothing to do with alien spacecrafts. The report, which explains the phenomena and assesses the security threat they may pose to the UK, was unearthed by academics at Sheffield Hallam University using the Freedom of Information Act.

Codenamed Project Condign, the four-year study says that unexplained UFO sightings are caused by 'plasmas', which create false memories of alien experiences and burns the skin. The document says these plasmas are rare and are created by "more than one set of weather and electrically charged conditions".

Another cause may be "by meteor re-entry, the meteors neither burning up completely nor impacting as meteorites but forming buoyant plasmas".

The report states that plasmas have been proven to cause responses in the temporal lobe of the human brain, and claims that this may cause observers to suffer extended memory retention and repeat experience. It also says that radiated effects from these plasmas can in rare instances be enough to scorch the skin. These effects may explain why victims believe so strongly they have seen something they cannot explain.

The report refers to UFOs as Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAPs) and asserts that they pose little or no danger to aircraft unless violent manoeuvres are undertaken to either chase or avoid them. However, it does say that they have caused fatalities in other countries where aircraft have deliberately chased the UAP.

"That UAP exist is indisputable," states the report. "[They] clearly can exhibit aerodynamic characteristics well beyond those of any known aircraft or missile - either manned or unmanned".

The report's official title is Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAPs) in the UK Air Defence Region and it was classified as Secret. It was written by a mysterious, un-named Defence Intelligence expert between 1996 and 2000 and was unearthed by Dr David Clarke from Sheffield Hallam University.

"This is another example of the establishment's obsession with secrecy and how the Freedom of Information Act can chip away at this culture of silence," said Dr Clarke. "This report clears up many of the rumours surrounding UFOs and there is no reason it couldn't have been made public earlier. "For example, it reveals that there has been no collaboration between the UK and other countries on UFOs, which rules out the conspiracy theories of worldwide UFO cover-ups."

According to Dr Clarke, the report also confirms that there have never been any artefacts from a UFO found in the UK.

"The fact remains that people are fascinated by the subject of UFOs and the MoD should have learned that 50 years of silence on the subject hasn’t made it go away," he added. "People continue to see UFOs and some of the most impressive sightings have been made by RAF and civil aviation pilots. "The lack of any proper official study of what these things are has simply added to speculation and claims about conspiracies and cover-ups," he concluded.

Dr David Clarke

Dr David Clarke studied archaeology and prehistory as an undergraduate at the University of Sheffield before commencing research towards his Ph.D in Folklore and Cultural Tradition (completed 1999). He has taught at NATCECT since 2000 on modules CEC3001 Traditions of Supernatural Belief (level 6) and CEC201 Urban Legends (level 6).

David works as a freelance journalist and feature writer for the monthly newsstand magazine Fortean Times. In addition to teaching and research at NATCECT and journalism, he also teaches at the department of Media Studies at Sheffield Hallam University.

His interests include: contemporary legend, supernatural belief and tradition, custom and belief, flying saucer cults and the UFO subculture, Cold War military history and investigative journalism.

Recent publications include: The Angel of Mons (London: Wiley 2004) - a study of the First World War legend and Out of the Shadows (London: Piatkus 2002), an examination of the UK Ministry of Defence's study of the UFO phenomenon from the Second World War to the present. - cached source

THE UFOs THAT NEVER WERE

JENNY RANDLES, ANDY ROBERTS AND DAVID CLARKE

London House, London, 2000.
hb £16.99,
pp244, index, notes, illus.
ISBN 1-9028-0935-1

I once had the opportunity to ask a brusquely competent literary agent what he knew about the UFO book market. Not much, he replied, but "I know books that say they don't exist don't sell." Let us hope that bleak fate bypasses this excellent volume, which gives its game away in bold block letters on the cover.

The UFOs That Never Were is a collaboration between Jenny Randles, one of the field's most consistently interesting authors, and Andy Roberts and Dr David Clarke, both veterans of numerous inquiries into mysteries of British earth and sky. Their book deconstructs in detail a number of well-known UFO cases, primarily British, which on closer examination appear attributable to mundane causes.

These include events such as the mysterious sky phenomena off the Butt of Lewis in 1996, the Howden Moor "crash retrieval" rumours, and the legendary Rendlesham Forest incident, here subjected to a lengthy and masterful deflation. Randles draws on the admirable work of James Easton to argue compellingly that this "best attested case of a UFO crash outside the US," as it has been described, was in fact caused by, well, a lighthouse. It's a depressing finish for a tale that once promised to achieve something of the mythopoeic status of Roswell.

In a broader sense, The UFOs That Never Were is a welcome antidote to the sloppy research that fills a good deal of the saucer bookshelf. "Famous cases" easily achieve a life of their own, the garbled details repeated faithfully by one hack after another. Yet such cases sometimes evaporate under close scrutiny, and it's a pleasure to watch these authors take us step by step through the detective work involved in a genuine investigation.

Reality being a messy business, the answers they find often are incomplete and complex. Andy Robert's solution to the Berwyn Mountain "UFO crash" of 1974, for instance, involves an earthquake, bolide meteors and poachers hunting at night with powerful lamps, a coincidence that leaves one longing for the parsimony of a simple spaceship. Roberts is well-known for his barbed wit concerning Britain's hapless alphabet soup of saucer organisations. Here he seems restrained, but the comedy still seeps through in his description of the angry conniptions that ensued in some corners of ufology following his discovery that the perfectly good flying saucer of Yorkshire's Cracoe Fell was in fact a shelf of reflective rock on a hillside.

If ufology seems clueless, the "authorities" remain gutless, as Randles found while investigating film footage of a ball of light seen by numerous witnesses near Long Crendon in 1973. A half-dozen of the UK's leading atmospheric physicists viewed the film, decided it was not ball lightning and agreed they had no other explanation for it, yet declined to investigate further. After all, there are research grants to be pursued, and no one condemned to toil in academic mills wants a whiff of heresy clinging to his name. (Somewhere, Charles Fort gave a low chuckle.)

Randles ultimately found evidence that the phenomenon was caused by a malfunctioning F-11 dumping and igniting fuel at a dangerously low altitude - and near a school to boot! Understandably, the military establishment did not turn handsprings with eagerness to further her investigation.

For the most part, the authors restrict themselves to the facts of each case at hand, although they offer little comfort to anyone still hoping for extraterrestrial visitors. Dr Clarke in particular is fond of criticising one pseudoscience (ufology) in the language of another (sociology). Thus the UFO phenomenon is a by product of "an age preoccupied with space travel" fair comment for a brief slice of the Fifties and Sixties, perhaps, but today? As a would-be Martian colonist, I would like nothing better than to see more evidence of this preoccupation, but as J G Ballard has suggested, it seems increasingly dear that the "Space Age" is not only over but a fading memory. Yes, yes, Star Wars and Treks, that silly Grey's mug plastered on every item China can craft from plastic; all a part of the pop culture, no question, as are boy bands and vapid Japanese cartoons. Why one part of this spectrum should unhinge so many has not yet been explained to my satisfaction.

That mandatory quibble aside, this seems to me to be the most intelligent book on the UFO phenomenon published in several years. It would be a shame, though perhaps not a surprising one, if The UFOs That Never Were fails to make some impact on the enthusiasts who line the deeply eroded divides of ufology, for this admirable work could and should serve as a model for serious UFO inquiry.

Alas, the true believers seem largely incapable of such efforts, while the American-style "skeptics" will no doubt prefer to continue debunking cases from afar, with that eerie clairvoyance vouchsafed only to the CSICOP faithful.

BRUCE LANIER WRIGHT - Fortean Time Review

Truth is out there: UFOs just plasma

[note: MOD report was made in 2000 - one year after Russians announced Palsma Stealth anti radar system]

May 08, 2006 - LONDON: The Sunday Times

Britain's defence intelligence chiefs have come up with a detailed scientific explanation to solve the mystery of unidentified flying objects.

After a four-year inquiry, they have concluded that most UFO sightings can be explained by a little-understood atmospheric phenomenon. Defence Intelligence Staff scientists describe how glowing "plasmas" of gas are created by charges of electricity. Airflows then sculpt the plasmas into aerodynamic shapes which appear to fly at extraordinary speeds through the sky. Their report is emphatic that UFOs do not come from alien civilisations or hostile powers, but equally it does not dismiss those who claim to have seen them as fantasists or hoaxers.

Instead, the scientists say such plasmas can play tricks on the mind, creating vivid impressions.

They note that "local (electromagnetic) fields ... have been medically proven to cause responses in the temporal lobes of the brain".

As a result, UFO witnesses may suffer from "extended memory retention and repeat experiences" induced by the plasmas. Their report says that, though UFOs have "defied credible description" as to their cause, they are confident they now have "a reasonably justified explanation". It goes on to recommend that the findings on UFOs - of which more than 100 are sighted in most years - could be developed for "novel military applications", adding that Russia is already investigating such weapons.

The report has been released under the Freedom of Information Act following an application by David Clarke, a lecturer at Sheffield Hallam University, and Gary Anthony, a fellow researcher.

The pair will give a presentation on the results this week.

It has been a bad year for conspiracy theorists. Last month, the "Roswell incident", another favourite, was debunked. John Humphreys, a special effects expert behind the TV cyber-presenter Max Headroom, claimed he was one of the hoaxers behind grainy black and white footage supposedly showing an autopsy on alien corpses in 1947. He said the "bodies" were latex models.

Files released last year under freedom of information laws showed that the British Ministry of Defence maintained a special unit, named S4F, responsible for logging sightings of UFOs by the public and the military. Those files gave detailed accounts of sightings but did not indicate that the intelligence services were using the information as the basis of an inquiry codenamed Project Condign. The unit began its inquiry in 1996, intending to assess any danger UFOs might pose to Britain's air defences (it concluded they pose none).

Cover-up, of a cover-up... of a cover-up!!!
UFO culture is a PSYOP to cover up decades old advanced Electromagnetic Technology

Sources of illegal nonionized radiation,
emf weapons, directed energy, and mind control attacks:

International organizations (corporations, secret societies, & other nation states) and organized criminal organizations may be responsible for mind control, emf weapon & directed energy radiation attacks, and nonconsensual radiation experimentations on U.S. and world citizens.

National governments would not likely have any illegal radiation experimentation programs targeted on their own citizens, although they may experiment on other nation's citizens due to loop holes in international treaties.

From documents obtained form the U.S. government,it can be shown that the U.S. government does not have any official programs in existence to perform radiation experiments on U.S. citizens without their informed consent. Even Black Operations have to give informed consent to U.S. citizens in radiation experimentation programs. Although there may be loop holes in U.S. government policies (Department of Health & Science & Technology Policies) which conflict with U.S. code; and further, these loop holes may permit experimentation on U.S. citizens without there consent, there is presently no evidence of any such programs in existence.

It seems likely, that world governments or nation states would simply unofficially contract out international organizations or organized criminal organizations to perform illegal radiation research or harassment on their own citizens or other nation states. Official government, international, and private organizations could be set up to officially monitor and enforce privacy, surveillance and radiation experimentation laws and alleged violations.

If governmental agencies refuse to protect the public from nonionized radiation, emf weapons, directed energy, and mind control attacks, then the general public will have to obtain grants from private foundations to help support nonprofit organizations to protect the general public from nonionized radiation attacks. - - source

Michael A. Aquino & the Temple of Set.

Michael A. Aquino is the founder of another Satanic Church named the Temple of Set. (Set being the Egyptian god of the underworld) Aquino was originally a member of LaVey's Church of Satan. Aquino served as the High Priest of the Temple of Set until he retired the position, which is now held by Don Webb.

The Temple of Set was founded in 1975 by Michael Aquino and a group of other members of the Church of Satan who left that organization because of disagreements with its administration and philosophy. Aquino and his follows believed that LaVey and the Church of Satan were too commercial and not a serious enough Satanic organization. Aquino essentially accused LaVey of operating the Church of Satan merely for profit. In the book, The Book of Coming Forth by Night (1985) Aquino describes what seems to be a call to start the his cult and speaks in the first person as Set, the Egyptian Satan. The Temple of Set considers itself a real religion and unlike the Church of Satan is incorporated in and recognized as a religion by the state of California and the federal government of the U.S.A. The Temple of Set's official website is Xeper.org (An Egyptian word, roughly translated as "self-improvement" or "self-creation")

In 1981, Major Michael A. Aquino collaborated with Colonel Paul E. Vallely to produce a paper entitled From PSYOP to MindWar: The Psychology of Victory. The paper was submitted to Military Review and Parameter, the publication of the U.S. Army War College. The paper describes how psychological warfare should be used against the American people and, "MindWar should take full advantage of such phenomena as atmospheric electromagnetic activity, air ionization, and extremely low frequency waves." (Aquino - From PSYOP to MindWar p. 9-10) (See Mind Control) While on a NATO tour of Europe in 1982 he performed a Satanic ritual in the Westphalian castle that Heinrich Himmler's elite SS used for the same reason, and apparently unquestioned by others in the force. During the 1980s Aquino, his wife, and another were accused of ritual child sexual abuse involving a US Army base near Presidio, California, but no charges were filed against Aquino. Controversy still surrounds the allegations. Prosecutor Susan Gray had been able to get a grand jury to charge Gary Hambright, a worker at the daycare center with molesting only one child. Three months after Hambight's arrest the charges were dismissed. US District Court Judge William Schwarzer refused to allow the admission of so-called hearsay statements, and ruled that the children would not serve as competent witnesses because of their age. - the resistance manifesto.

The children of the Nazis use of EMF = use of Vril - psycho-kinetic energy

reminder: Undergound supermen to rule the world...?

The Myths of Thule and Vril

The first element of Nazi occult beliefs was in the mythic land of Hyperborea-Thule. Just as Plato had cited the Egyptian legend of the sunken island of Atlantis, Herodotus mentioned the Egyptian legend of the continent of Hyperborea in the far north. When ice destroyed this ancient land, its people migrated south. Writing in 1679, the Swedish author Olaf Rudbeck identified the Atlanteans with the Hyperboreans and located the latter at the North Pole. According to several accounts, Hyperborea split into the islands of Thule and Ultima Thule, which some people identified with Iceland and Greenland.

The second ingredient was the idea of a hollow earth. At the end of the seventeenth century, the British astronomer Sir Edmund Halley first suggested that the earth was hollow, consisting of four concentric spheres. The hollow earth theory fired many people's imaginations, especially with the publication in 1864 of French novelist Jules Verne's Voyage to the Center of the Earth.

Soon, the concept of vril appeared. In 1871, British novelist Edward Bulwer-Lytton, in The Coming Race, described a superior race, the Vril-ya, who lived beneath the earth and planned to conquer the world with vril, a psychokinetic energy. The French author Louis Jacolliot furthered the myth in Les Fils de Dieu (The Sons of God) (1873) and Les Traditions indo-européeenes (The Indo-European Traditions) (1876). In these books, he linked vril with the subterranean people of Thule. The Thuleans will harness the power of vril to become supermen and rule the world.

The German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) also emphasized the concept of the Übermensch (superman) and began his final work, Der Antichrist (The Antichrist) (1895) with the line, "Let us see ourselves for what we are. We are Hyperboreans. We know well enough how we are living off that track." Although Nietzsche never mentioned vril, yet in his posthumously published collection of aphorisms, Der Wille zur Macht (The Will to Power), he emphasized the role of an internal force for superhuman development.

He wrote that "the herd," meaning common persons, strives for security within itself through creating morality and rules, whereas the supermen have an internal vital force that drives them to go beyond the herd. That force necessitates and drives them to lie to the herd in order to remain independent and free from the "herd mentality."

In The Arctic Home of the Vedas (1903), the early advocate of Indian freedom, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, added a further touch by identifying the southern migration of the Thuleans with the origin of the Aryan race. Thus, many Germans in the early twentieth century believed that they were the descendants of the Aryans who had migrated south from Hyperborea-Thule and who were destined to become the master race of supermen through the power of vril.

Hitler was among them.

Keeping you 'safe' within a managed consciousness

Our Conscious Mind Could Be An Electromagnetic Field

16-May-2002 - Are our thoughts made of the distributed kind of electromagnetic field that permeates space and carries the broadcast signal to the TV or radio.

Professor Johnjoe McFadden from the School of Biomedical and Life Sciences at the University of Surrey in the UK believes our conscious mind could be an electromagnetic field.

"The theory solves many previously intractable problems of consciousness and could have profound implications for our concepts of mind, free will, spirituality, the design of artificial intelligence, and even life and death," he said. Most people consider "mind" to be all the conscious things that we are aware of. But much, if not most, mental activity goes on without awareness. Actions such as walking, changing gear in your car or peddling a bicycle can become as automatic as breathing. The biggest puzzle in neuroscience is how the brain activity that we're aware of (consciousness) differs from the brain activity driving all of those unconscious actions.

When we see an object, signals from our retina travel along nerves as waves of electrically charged ions. When they reach the nerve terminus, the signal jumps to the next nerve via chemical neurotransmitters. The receiving nerve decides whether or not it will fire, based on the number of firing votes it receives from its upstream nerves. In this way, electrical signals are processed in our brain before being transmitted to our body. But where, in all this movement of ions and chemicals, is consciousness? Scientists can find no region or structure in the brain that specializes in conscious thinking. Consciousness remains a mystery.

"Consciousness is what makes us 'human,' Professor McFadden said. "Language, creativity, emotions, spirituality, logical deduction, mental arithmetic, our sense of fairness, truth, ethics, are all inconceivable without consciousness." But what's it made of?

One of the fundamental questions of consciousness, known as the binding problem, can be explained by looking at a tree. Most people, when asked how many leaves they see, will answer "thousands." But neurobiology tells us that the information (all the leaves) is dissected and scattered among millions of widely separated neurones. Scientists are trying to explain where in the brain all those leaves are stuck together to form the conscious impression of a whole tree. How does our brain bind information to generate consciousness?

What Professor McFadden realized was that every time a nerve fires, the electrical activity sends a signal to the brain's electromagnetic (em) field. But unlike solitary nerve signals, information that reaches the brain's em field is automatically bound together with all the other signals in the brain. The brain's em field does the binding that is characteristic of consciousness. What Professor McFadden and, independently, the New Zealand-based neurobiologist Sue Pockett, have proposed is that the brain's em field is consciousness.

The brain's electromagnetic field is not just an information sink; it can influence our actions, pushing some neurons towards firing and others away from firing. This influence, Professor McFadden proposes, is the physical manifestation of our conscious will.

The theory explains many of the peculiar features of consciousness, such as its involvement in the learning process. Anyone learning to drive a car will have experienced how the first (very conscious) fumblings are transformed through constant practice into automatic actions. The neural networks driving those first uncertain fumblings are precisely where we would expect to find nerves in the undecided state when a small nudge from the brain's em field can topple them towards or away from firing. The field will "fine tune" the neural pathway towards the desired goal. But neurons are connected so that when they fire together, they wire together, to form stronger connections. After practice, the influence of the field will become dispensable. The activity will be learnt and may thereafter be performed unconsciously.

One of the objections to an electromagnetic field theory of consciousness is, if our minds are electromagnetic, then why don't we pass out when we walk under an electrical cable or any other source of external electromagnetic fields? The answer is that our skin, skull and cerebrospinal fluid shield us from external electric fields.

"The conscious electromagnetic information field is, at present, still a theory. But if true, there are many fascinating implications for the concept of free will, the nature of creativity or spirituality, consciousness in animals and even the significance of life and death. "The theory explains why conscious actions feel so different from unconscious ones ­- it is because they plug into the vast pool of information held in the brain's electromagnetic field," Professor McFadden concluded.

The University of Surrey is one of the UK's leading professional, scientific and technological universities with a world class research profile and a reputation for excellence in teaching and research.

(Reference: The paper "Synchronous firing and its influence on the brain's electromagnetic field: evidence for an electromagnetic field theory of consciousness" by Johnjoe McFadden is published in the current edition of the Journal of Consciousness Studies, along with a commentary by Dr. Susan Pockett.) - unisci.com

 

Captain Wardrobes

Down with Murder inc.